在深度使用和性能优化的场景下,顺序执行异步任务需要兼顾代码健壮性、资源管理和执行效率。以下从工程实践角度给出专业方案,附代码示例:
一、核心实现方案
1. 现代异步迭代方案(ES2018+)
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| async function executeSequentially(tasks) { const results = []; for (const task of tasks) { try { results.push(await task()); } catch (error) { console.error(`Task failed: ${error.message}`); if (shouldAbortOnError(error)) { throw new ExecutionAbortedError(error); } } } return results; }
const tasks = new Array(10).fill(() => asyncTask()); executeSequentially(tasks);
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深度优化点:
- 使用for…of代替传统循环,避免闭包陷阱
- 错误隔离设计:单个任务失败不影响后续执行
- 熔断机制:根据错误类型决定是否中止流程
2. 高性能队列方案(适用于动态任务队列)
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| class AsyncQueue { constructor(concurrency = 1) { this.queue = []; this.activeCount = 0; this.concurrency = concurrency; }
enqueue(task) { return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { this.queue.push(async () => { try { resolve(await task()); } catch (error) { reject(error); } }); this.#next(); }); }
#next() { if (this.activeCount >= this.concurrency || !this.queue.length) return; this.activeCount++; const task = this.queue.shift(); task().finally(() => { this.activeCount--; this.#next(); }); } }
const queue = new AsyncQueue(1); const results = await Promise.all( Array(10).fill(null).map((_, i) => queue.enqueue(() => asyncTask(i)) ) );
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深度优化点:
- 支持动态任务注入
- 内置流量控制机制
- Promise链式管理避免内存泄漏
- 可扩展为优先级队列
二、性能优化策略
1. 空闲资源预加载
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| async function pipelineExecution(tasks) { const prefetchCache = new Map(); return tasks.map(async (task, index) => { if (index < tasks.length - 1) { prefetch(tasks[index + 1].dependencies); } const result = await task.execute(); prefetchCache.delete(task.id); return result; }); }
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2. 流水线化执行
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| interface TaskPipeline<T> { (input: T): Promise<T>; }
function createPipeline(...stages: TaskPipeline<any>[]) { return async (initial: any) => { let result = initial; for (const stage of stages) { result = await stage(result); } return result; }; }
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3. 性能监控
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| async function instrumentedExecution(task) { const start = performance.now(); const memBefore = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed; try { const result = await task(); return { result, metrics: { duration: performance.now() - start, memoryDelta: process.memoryUsage().heapUsed - memBefore } }; } catch (error) { return { error }; } }
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三、生产环境注意事项
- 内存管理
- 使用WeakMap存储临时数据
- 及时清理任务间中间状态
- 限制最大队列长度防止OOM
- 错误韧性
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| const resilientTask = async (task) => { let retries = 3; while (retries--) { try { return await task(); } catch (error) { if (!isRetriable(error)) throw error; await backoff(retries); } } };
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- 性能权衡矩阵
| 方案 |
内存开销 |
CPU利用率 |
可维护性 |
适用场景 |
| 简单循环 |
低 |
中 |
高 |
简单任务流 |
| 队列系统 |
中 |
高 |
高 |
生产级系统 |
| 响应式编程 |
高 |
高 |
中 |
复杂事件流 |
- 浏览器特别优化
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| function createIdleExecutor(tasks) { const results = []; let index = 0; async function processTask(deadline) { while (index < tasks.length && deadline.timeRemaining() > 5) { results.push(await tasks[index++]()); } if (index < tasks.length) { requestIdleCallback(processTask); } } requestIdleCallback(processTask); return results; }
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四、扩展方案对比
- Generator方案(适合复杂控制流)
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| async function* taskGenerator(tasks) { for (const task of tasks) { yield await task(); } }
(async () => { const gen = taskGenerator(tasks); for await (const result of gen) { handleResult(result); } })();
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- Web Worker方案(CPU密集型任务)
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| const worker = new Worker('task-processor.js'); worker.onmessage = ({ data }) => { };
tasks.forEach(task => { worker.postMessage(task); });
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